Biography of Harriet Tubman

Biography of Harriet Tubman Free Online Research Papers Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave who was known as the â€Å"Moses of her people.† Over the course of ten years at her own risk, she led many slaves to freedom using the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a secret network of safe houses where runaway slaves could stay on their journey north to freedom. Later in her life she became a leader in the abolitionist movement and a spy for the federal forces in South Carolina. Harriet Tubman was born in 1820 in Dorchester County, Maryland. She was born into slavery and was beaten as a child by her various owners. One of her owners hit her in the head with a heavy metal weight intended to hit another slave. She suffered a traumatic head injury which caused disabling headaches, seizures, powerful visionary and dream activity, and spells of hypersonic which occurred throughout her life. In 1849 she escaped to Philadelphia and went back and took her family with her including her 70 year old parents. She traveled in the night with extreme secrecy and never lost a fugitive. The fugitive slave law was passed in 1950 made it harder for slaves to escape. After that law was passed she started leading fugitives further north into Canada. If any of her fugitives she was helping tried to go back she would take out a gun and threaten to kill then because that would all of them in risk of being caught. She made 19 trips to Maryland which were all dangerous trips. When the Civil War began Harriet Tubman worked for the Union Army. She worked as a cook and a nurse then as an armed scout and spy. She was the first women to lead an armed expedition which freed more than seven hundred slaves. After the war she went to a family home in Auburn, New York to take care of her aging parents and other people in need. She also worked in her later years to promote the cause of woman’s suffrage, she worked with many woman including Susan B. Anthony and Emily Howland. In 1911 Harriet became very frail and was admitted into a rest home named in her honor. On March 13, 1913 she died of pneumonia. Harriet Tubman will be remembered as someone who helped many people throughout her life. Research Papers on Biography of Harriet Tubman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Mind TravelWhere Wild and West MeetTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

101 Peer Review and Machines Professor Ramos Blog

101 Peer Review and Machines Kelly Better Than Human Quick Write Kevin Kelly argues that machines will eventually take over many jobs that we now perform. Depending on how you are looking at this scenario, this could be a good or bad thing. How you do see machines taking over our jobs? Kelly Better Than Human In small groups, find statements in the articles that explain their attitudes. Find a positive and negative statements from both the Carr (424), Is Google Making us Stupid? and Kelly, Better Than Human articles. Carr Positive Statement Negative Statement Kelly Positive Statement Negative Statement Nicholas Carr is less optimistic about the future impact of technology. Who do you find more persuasive, Carr or Kelly? Quick Write Have you ever had a good experience workshopping a paper? Why was it good? Why was it bad? Peer Review We are going to peer review first. I want to make sure you have enough time before the lesson for today. Before we peer review, I want you to take a look at your own draft. Add dialogue, find a spot to add in some dialogue. Add details  of a character or an artifact in your narrative. What can you describe or add details too? Are you giving enough context so the reader follows along? Add an image  to help tell the story. What image would help the reader? What image is related to your literacy? Effective Title. What should you title your essay? What would be a good title that makes your reader want to read the essay and prepares them for it.Fall Semester Examples This is the first of many peer reviews. Keep these things in mind. Peer edit the same way you revise your own work. Be specific in identifying problems or opportunities. Offer suggestions for improvement. Praise what is genuinely good in the paper. Quick Write Comment below with your plan of action for revising your draft. Be specific, give some details!

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 51

Personal Statement Example The knowledge obtained by combining management and financial study is essential as it facilitates the development of strategic decisions. At the same time, the two disciplines ensure effective adoption and implementation of policies and plans aimed at achieving the organisations objectives. Asset allocation is one of the fields where management and financial strategy are often intertwined. This investment strategy involves creating a balance between risk and reward by adjusting the percentage of an asset. Therefore, critical thinking that is a skill obtained in management is significant in determining business’s risk tolerance, goals and investment time frame (Pandey 2009:70). Moreover, the external environment is often bombarded with issues such as inflation. Inflation is a current issue that can cause significant distortions in the economy. A market that is experiencing inflation discourages savings, reduces economic growth and can discourage investors. Management cannot rely on their knowledge regarding the market. Therefore, management would be expected to conduct research on the environmental forces that would affect its resources and thus inhibit the achievement of the set objectives. When it comes to inflation, management is expected to utilise its financ ial tools so as to come up with an effective financial strategy that would ensure the firm’s success. Studying finance is important as it enables a manager to ensure proper allocation of money. The business operates in a financial environment in which there are a constant inflow and outflow of money. Without proper financial management, a firm would be unable to account properly for the financial resources available. For example, if a small business took a small loan and used it to finance its fixed assets. The short loan is a liability that has to be paid back within one year. However, the firm may find it difficult to sell the assets within one year. The company may find itself unable to pay

European Television Channel with an American Television Essay

European Television Channel with an American Television - Essay Example are dissimilarities in how European and American advertisers see the function of the conduit, and if these outlooks are affiliated with the tactical passages to the befitting trials from the programs of the two countries. It is anticipated that the outlooks of European television will take into account outlooks conveyed by (Rantanen 2005) and other ones and display more bias for passages than their American counterparts. Study of the genuine programs should reveal more passages in an experiment of British programs. Analysis of CBF programs should display more passages by the British in four units, but for nations, more hardworking engagement / considering goods for the use of passages less often, while the reduced grade of participation / Products sentiment is anticipated to use most often. Source American European Report Programs TV: A Comparison The study of TV programs EU and the U.S. review was evolved by older advocating bureau in both nations, and then manages a content investi gation of TV programs. The reconsider displayed television more open mind-set in the direction of the conduit, and a very broad dream of the promise use of pathway between British institutions. The content investigation displayed an important boost in the conduit in America since the last study of significant connections, but less than the conduit experiment of European programs. Review of facts and numbers causes, investigation utilising Foote, Cone and Belding (FCB) has recognised several passages designing position in both nations, with the conduit most often utilised with the reduced participation of goods of Sense and least-often utilised with a high engagement / feeling and considering products. For the most part, the attitudes of heads of bureaus and contemplate the leverage of the... This paper approves that the outcomes of this study propose that advertisers in the U.S. and Europe as an entire sustain passages programs, but the British form is especially partial to its use. US-European dissimilarities are disclosed in the content investigation was verified through the programs of the television in both countries. The study displayed the main heading of British-style, a more affirmative variety of difficulties of this conduit can be accomplished and the stage of newspapers conduit that can be competently utilised, and the markets answer too many of channels. The most affirmative issue of outlook, the UK, this conduit can be utilised to help recall, comprehending and conviction is sustained by, and may be origin for U.S. advertisers to believe more broad channels. This report makes a conclusion that the study of passages in the U.S. and European TV programs review evolved structures advocating bureau in these two nations and then by carrying out a content investigation of TV programs. The outlooks of television of the bureau reflects the frequency and passages in their respective countries. This study examines one facet of British art programs and American - passages, as an authority style. Some observers contend that the British and American heritage, founded on some assumptions, which should be echoed in their programs. According to the scenario Lannon, British advertisers use gentler procedures of sale, which encompasses more passages than the hard deal, the form founded on clues, which it is superior in American programs.

Kraft Foods Board of Directors Essay Example for Free

Kraft Foods Board of Directors Essay Reviewï ¼Å¡ Kraft Foods Inc. is a global snacks powerhouse with an unrivaled portfolio of brands people love. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of Kraft Foods Group, Inc. will discharge the Board’s responsibilities relating to compensation for executives and independent directors. In fulfilling its responsibilities, the Committee will have full access to all of Kraft’s books, records, facilities and personnel. The Committee will also have the authority to conduct investigations and to retain independent counsel and advisers, as it determines necessary to carry out its duties and responsibilities, including sole authority to engage, retain, approve fees and other retention terms of, and terminate compensation consultants. - HP’s Board of Directors Name/Title| Current Board Membership| Ralph V. Whitworth, 57Independent Non-Executive Chairman| Sovereign Bank, Na (pennsylvania), Hewlett-packard Co.| Meg Cushing Whitman, 57President, Chief Executive Officer Director| Hewlett-packard Co., Zipcar, Inc., The Nature Conservancy, Inc., Teach For America, Inc., Zaarly, Inc., Procter Gamble Co.| Marc L. Andreessen, 41Independent Director| Tinyco, Inc., Zend Technologies, Inc., Glam Media, Inc., Kno, Inc., Ebay, Inc., Stanford Hospital Clinics, Hewlett-packard Co., Hewlett-packard Development Co. Lp, Facebook, Inc., Skype Sarl, Tidemark Systems, Inc.| Ann M. Livermore, 54Director| Hewlett-packard Co., United Parcel Service, Inc., Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital| Rajiv Lochan Gupta, 67Lead Independent Director| Hewlett-packard Co., Information Resources, Inc., Avantor Performance Materials, Inc., Stroz Friedberg Llc, The Vanguard Group, Inc., Delphi Automotive Llp, Affle Pte Ltd., Tyco International Ltd., The Conference Board, Inc., Delphi Automotive Plc| Shumeet Banerji, 53Independent Director| Hewlett-packard Co.| Gary M. Reiner, 58Independent Director| Hewlett-packard Co., Box, Inc., Norwalk Health Services Corp., Appirio, Inc., The Norwalk Hospital Association| Patricia F. Russo, 60Independent Director| Alcoa, Inc., General Motors Co., Kkr Management Llc, Kkr Co. Lp, Hewlett-packard Co., Merck Co., Inc., The Partnership For A Drug-free America, Inc.| Ray J. Lane, 66Lead Independent Director| Alertenterprise, Inc., Spikesource, Inc., Virsa Systems, Inc., Visible Path Corp., Xsigo Systems, Inc., Elance, Inc., Hewlett-packard Co., Special Olympics, Inc., Greatpoint Energy, Inc., Ausra, Inc., Quest Software, Inc., Kenandy, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, Enigma, Inc., Hara Software, Inc., West Virginia University, Luca Technologies, Inc., Think North America, Mevio, Inc.| Reviewï ¼Å¡ HP announced changes to its board of directors. Raymond J. Lane has decided to step down as chairman of the board, to be replaced on an interim basis by Ralph V. Whitworth. The board is commencing a search for a permanent nonexecutive board chairman. In addition, John H. Hammergren and G. Kennedy Thompson, after eight and seven years of service to HP stockholders, respectively, have decided to leave the board. Both directors will continue to serve until the May board meeting. The board is commencing a search for two or more new independent directors. This news release contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. If such risks or uncertainties materialize or such assumptions prove incorrect, the results of HP and its consolidated subsidiaries could differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements and assumptions. - Macy’s Board of Directors Name/Title| Current Board Membership| Terry J. Lundgren, 61Chairman, President Chief Executive Officer| Macys, Inc., National Retail Federation, Procter Gamble Co., The Partnership For New York City, Kraft Foods Group, Inc., Federal Reserve Bank Of New York| Steven F. Bollenbach, 70Independent Director| Time Warner, Inc., Ludwig Institute For Cancer Research Ltd., Los Angeles World Affairs Council, Mondelez International, Inc., Macys, Inc., Kb Home| Craig E. Weatherup, 67Independent Director| Macys, Inc., Starbucks Corp.| Sara L. Levinson, 62Independent Director| Macys, Inc., Harley-davidson, Inc., Cmi Marketing, Inc.| Joseph L. Neubauer, 71Independent Director| The Jewish Theological Seminary Of America, The Barnes Foundation, The University Of Chicago, Catalyst, Inc., Macys, Inc., Verizon Communications, Inc., Aramark Refreshment Services Llc, The Horatio Alger Association Of Distinguished Americans, Aramark Holdings Corp.| Paul C. Varga, 49Independent Director| Brown-forman Corp., Macys, Inc.| Marna Cupp Whittington , 65Independent Director| Macys, Inc., Oaktree Capital Group Llc, Phillips 66| Meyer Feldberg, 71Independent Director| New York City Ballet, Inc., Managed High Yield Plus Fund, Inc., Global High Income Fund, Inc., Macys, Inc., Revlon, Inc., Strategic Global Income Fund, Inc.| Deirdre P. Connelly, 52Independent Director| Pharmaceutical Research Manufacturers Of America, Macys, Inc., Human Genome Sciences, Inc.| Joyce M. Rochà ©, 66Independent Director| Dr. Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., Tupperware Brands Corp., Macys, Inc., Association Of Governing Boards Of Universities Colleges, Dillard University, Att, Inc.| Review: Managing a nation-wide retail business requires a team of committed, talented and experienced executives. Macy’s stores and direct-to-customer business compete with many retailing formats in the geographic areas in which they operate, including department stores, specialty stores, general merchandise stores, off-price and discount stores, new and established forms of home shopping (including the Internet, mail order catalogs and television) and manufacturers’ outlets, among others. In addition to competing with these other retailers for customers, Macy’s also must compete very aggressively for executive talent. These talented executives are accountable for the performance of the business units they manage and are compensated based on that performance.

Analysis Of Thomas Hardy?s The Darkling Thrush :: essays research papers

Thomas Hardy’s The Darkling Thrush, is a poem full of much sorrow. It is dark and bleak, just as it’s title is. Although it is so unhappy, it is also very deep. This poem is one of the many example’s of Hardy’s talent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem is a lyric, with a rhyme scheme of abab. It is written in iambic pentameter, and it consists of quatrains. It is talking about a lack of faith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hardy begins his poem talking about his setting. It was winter, and it was cold and dark. It seemed lonely, and anyone would have rather been inside. It looked ugly out there, and even the sky and the frost was unattractive. It was a very depressing place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He continues talking about the setting, but begins to talk about with it makes him think of. He feels that everything around was dead, and the wind sounded like a moan. The world seemed like it used to be alive, but now it’s just small and old. He thought that everyone around him felt the same way. Even though he felt this, he still somehow felt alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of a sudden, it heard a voice coming from above. At that instant, all that was ugly appeared beautiful. All whom he thought felt the world was dead, are now seeing it for a second time. All was good, and everyone was happy. Still, Hardy felt the same. Instead of thinking things were beautiful, he thought things had gotten worse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He felt there was no use in being happy. The things that seemed ugly didn’t really matter much to him. He felt even more scared and alone than before. The air seemed happy, and all were blessed with hope. Hardy still saw no hope. Analysis Of Thomas Hardy?s The Darkling Thrush :: essays research papers Thomas Hardy’s The Darkling Thrush, is a poem full of much sorrow. It is dark and bleak, just as it’s title is. Although it is so unhappy, it is also very deep. This poem is one of the many example’s of Hardy’s talent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem is a lyric, with a rhyme scheme of abab. It is written in iambic pentameter, and it consists of quatrains. It is talking about a lack of faith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hardy begins his poem talking about his setting. It was winter, and it was cold and dark. It seemed lonely, and anyone would have rather been inside. It looked ugly out there, and even the sky and the frost was unattractive. It was a very depressing place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He continues talking about the setting, but begins to talk about with it makes him think of. He feels that everything around was dead, and the wind sounded like a moan. The world seemed like it used to be alive, but now it’s just small and old. He thought that everyone around him felt the same way. Even though he felt this, he still somehow felt alone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of a sudden, it heard a voice coming from above. At that instant, all that was ugly appeared beautiful. All whom he thought felt the world was dead, are now seeing it for a second time. All was good, and everyone was happy. Still, Hardy felt the same. Instead of thinking things were beautiful, he thought things had gotten worse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He felt there was no use in being happy. The things that seemed ugly didn’t really matter much to him. He felt even more scared and alone than before. The air seemed happy, and all were blessed with hope. Hardy still saw no hope.

Small Scale Textile Industry

SMALL SCALE TEXTILE INDUSTRY ABSTRACT India is the world’s second largest producer of textiles and garments after China. It is the world’s third largest producer of cotton—after China and the USA—and the second largest cotton consumer after China. The Indian textile industry is as diverse and complex as country itself and it combines with equal equanimity this immense diversity into a cohesive whole. The fundamental strength of this industry flows from its strong production base of wide range of fibres / yarns from natural fibres like cotton, jute, silk and wool to synthetic /man-made fibres like polyester, viscose, nylon and acrylic.The growth pattern of the Indian textile industry in the last decade has been considerably more than the previous decades, primarily on account of liberalization of trade and economic policies initiated by the Government in the 1990s. In producer-driven value chains, large, usually transnational, manufacturers play the central roles in coordinating production networks. This is typical of capital- and technologyintensive industries such as automobiles, aircraft, computers, semiconductors and heavy machinery.Buyer-driven value chains are those in which large retailers, marketers and branded manufacturers play the pivotal roles in setting up decentralized production networks in a variety of exporting countries, typically located in developing countries. This pattern of trade-led industrialization has become common in labour-intensive, consumer-goods industries such as garments, footwear, toys, handicrafts and consumer electronics. Large manufacturers control the producer-driven value chains at the point of production, while marketers and merchandisers exercise the main leverage in buyer-driven value chains at the design and retail stages.Apparel is an ideal industry for examining the dynamics of buyer-driven value chains. The relative ease of setting up clothing companies, coupled with the prevalence of dev eloped-country protectionism in this sector, has led to an unparalleled diversity of garment exporters in the third world. Apparel is an ideal industry for examining the dynamics of buyer-driven value chains. India’s textile industry comprises mostly smallscale, non-integrated spinning, weaving, finishing, and apparel-making enterprises. In this term paper, we study about the small scale Indian Textile Industry, its importance, role, roducts, finance, subsidies, attractiveness and the growth. We also present opportunities in this sector, the challenges, jobs and salaries in these industries. HISTORY OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY India has been well known for her textile goods since very ancient times. The traditional textile industry of India was virtually decayed during the colonial regime. However, the modern textile industry took birth in India in the early nineteenth century when the first textile mill in the country was established at Fort gloster near Calcutta in 1818.The cotton textile industry, however, made its real beginning in Bombay, in 1850s. The first cotton textile mill of Bombay was established in 1854 by a Parsi cotton merchant then engaged in overseas and internal trade. Indeed, the vast majority of the early mills were the handiwork of Parsi merchants engaged in yarn and cloth trade at home and Chinese and African markets. The first cotton mill in Ahmedabad, which was eventually to emerge as a rival centre to Bombay, was established in 1861. The spread of the textile industry to Ahmedabad was largely due to the Gujarati trading class.The cotton textile industry made rapid progress in the second half of the nineteenth century and by the end of the century there were 178 cotton textile mills; but during the year 1900 the cotton textile industry was in bad state due to the great famine and a number of mills of Bombay and Ahmedabad were to be closed down for long periods. The two world wars and the Swadeshi movement provided great stimulus t o the Indian cotton textile industry. However, during the period 1922 to 1937 the industry was in doldrums and during this period a number of the Bombay mills changed hands. The number of mills increased from 178 with 4. 5 lakh looms in 1901 to 249 mills with 13. 35 lakh looms in 1921 and further to 396 mills with over 20 lakh looms in 1941. By 1945 there were 417 mills employing 5. 10 lakh workers. The partition of the country at the time of independence affected the cotton textile industry also. The Indian union got 409 out of the 423 textiles mills of the undivided India. 14 mills and 22 per cent of the land under cotton cultivation went to Pakistan. Some mills were closed down for some time. For a number of years since independence, Indian mills had to import cotton from Pakistan and other countries.After independence, the cotton textile industry made rapid strides under the Plans. Between 1951 and 1982 the total number of spindles doubled from 11 million to 22 million. It incre ased further to well over 26 million by 1989-90. A SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY In most of the developing countries like India, Small Scale Industries (SSI) constitutes an important and crucial segment of the industrial sector. They play an important role in employment creation, resource utilization and income generation and helping to promote changes in a gradual and phased manner.They have been given an important place in the framework of Indian planning since beginning both for economic and ideological reasons. The reasons are obvious. The scarcity of capital in India severely limits the number of non-farm jobs that can be created because investment costs per job are high in large and medium industries. An effective development policy has to attempt to increase the use of labor, relative to capital to the extent that it is economically efficient. Small scale enterprises are generally more labor intensive than larger organizations.As a matter of fact, small scale sector has now emerged as a dynamic and vibrant sector for the Indian economy in recent years. It has attracted so much attention not only from industrial planners and economists but also from sociologists, administrators and politicians. Definition of Small Scale Industry: The Small Scale Industries Board in 1955 defined, â€Å"Small-scale industry as a unit employing less than 50 employees if using power and less than 100 employees if not using power and with a capital asset not exceeding Rs. 5 lakhs†. ‘The initial capital investment of Rs. lakhs has been changed to Rs. 10 lakhs for small industries and Rs. 15 lakhs for ancillaries in 1975. Again this fixed capital investment limit was raised to Rs. 15 lakhs for small units and Rs. 20 lakhs for ancillary units in 1980. The Government of India in 1985 has further increased the investment limit to Rs. 35 lakhs for small-scale units and 45 lakhs for ancillary units. Again the new Industrial Policy in 1991 raised the investment ceilings in plant and machinery to Rs. 60 lakhs for small-scale units and Rs. 75 lakhs for ancillary units.As per the Abid Hussain Committee's recommendations on small-scale industry, the Government of India has, in March 1997 further raised investment ceilings to Rs. 3 crores for small-scale and ancillary industries and to Rs. 50 lakhs for tiny industry. THE TEXTILE AND APPAREL SUPPLY CHAIN TRENDS IN PRODUCTION- YARN AND FABRIC (SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES) Yarn and fabric production has been annually growing at 1. 9% and 2. 7% respecitvely since 2000. Yarn production has increased from 3,940 mn kg in 1999? 00 to 4,326 mn kg in 2004? 05. Man? made yarn has driven much of this, showing a robust growth of 4. % in the last five years. Spun yarn production and the cotton yarn sector have also grown, albeit less impressively, recording growths of 2. 4% and 0. 6% respectively. Fabric production has been growing at 2. 7% annually between 2000 and 2005, driven primarily by the smallscale, independent powerloom s ector. Growth in the 100% non? cotton segment touched 5%, followed by cotton fabric at 1. 5% and blended fabric at 0. 3%. Fabric production touched a peak 45,378 million sq mtrs in 2004? 05, and in Nov 06, production recorded a robust 9% growth compared to the corresponding period in the previous year.STRUCTURE OF INDIA’s SMALL SCALE TEXTILE INDUSTRY The textile sector in India is one of the worlds largest. The textile industry today is divided into three segments: 1. Cotton Textiles 2. Synthetic Textiles 3. Other like Wool, Jute, Silk etc. All segments have their own place but even today cotton textiles continue to dominate with 73% share. The structure of cotton textile industry is very complex with co-existence of oldest technologies of hand spinning and hand weaving with the most sophisticated automatic spindles and loom.The structure of the textile industry is extremely complex with the modern, sophisticated and highly mechanized mill sector on the one hand and hand spin ning and hand weaving (handloom sector) on the other in between falls the decentralised small scale powerloom sector. Unlike other major textile-producing countries, India’s textile industry is comprised mostly of small-scale, nonintegrated spinning, weaving, finishing, and apparel-making enterprises. This unique industry structure is primarily a legacy of government policies that have promoted laborintensive, small-scale operations and discriminated against larger scale firms: ?Composite Mills Relatively large-scale mills that integrate spinning, weaving and, sometimes, fabric finishing are common in other major textile-producing countries. In India, however, these types of mills now account for about only 3 percent of output in the textile sector. About 276 composite mills are now operating in India, most owned by the public sector and many deemed financially ? sick.? In 2003-2004 composite mills that produced 1434 m. sq mts of cloth. Most of these mills are located in Guja rat and Maharashtra. ? SpinningSpinning is the process of converting cotton or manmade fiber into yarn to be used for weaving and knitting. This mills chiefly located in North India. Spinning sector is technology intensive and productivity is affected by the quality of cotton and the cleaning process used during ginning. Largely due to deregulation beginning in the mid-1980s, spinning is the most consolidated and technically efficient sector in India’s textile industry. Average plant size remains small, however, and technology outdated, relative to other major producers.In 2002/03, India’s spinning sector consisted of about 1,146 small-scale independent firms and 1,599 larger scale independent units. ? Weaving and knitting The weaving and knits sector lies at the heart of the industry. In 2004-05, of the total production from the weaving sector, about 46 percent was cotton cloth, 41 percent was 100% non-cotton including khadi, wool and silk and 13 percent was blended c loth. Three distinctive technologies are used in the sector – handlooms, powerlooms and knitting machines.Weaving and knitting converts cotton, manmade, or blended yarns into woven or knitted fabrics. India’s weaving and knitting sector remains highly fragmented, small-scale, and labour-intensive. This sector consists of about 3. 9 million handlooms, 380,000 ? powerloom? enter-prises that operate about 1. 7 million looms, and just 137,000 looms in the various composite mills. ?Powerlooms? are small firms, with an average loom capacity of four to five owned by independent entrepreneurs or weavers. Modern shuttleless looms account for less than 1 percent of loom capacity. Fabric Finishing Fabric finishing (also referred to as processing), which includes dyeing, printing, and other cloth preparation prior to the manufacture of clothing, is also dominated by a large number of independent, small-scale enterprises. Overall, about 2,300 processors are operating in India, incl uding about 2,100 independent units and 200 units that are integrated with spinning, weaving, or knitting units. ? Clothing Apparel is produced by about 77,000 small-scale units classified as domestic manufacturers, manufacturer exporters, and fabricators (subcontractors).ANALYSIS OF THE MATERIALS India’s textile industry comprises mostly small-scale, non-integrated spinning, weaving, finishing, and apparel-making enterprises. Wool: India’s wool industry is primarily located in the northern states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan. These three states alone account for more than 75 per cent of the production capacity, with both licensed and decentralized players. The woolen industry provides employment to approximately 1. 2 million people. Silk: India is the second largest producer of silk in the world, contributing about 18 per cent to global production.Growing demand for traditional silk fabrics and exports of handloom products has spurred growth in silk demand. Jute: Jute industry occupies an important place in India’s economy, being one of the major industries in the eastern region, particularly in West Bengal. It supports nearly 4 million farming families, besides providing direct employment to 260,000 industrial workers and livelihood to another 140,000 people in the tertiary sector and allied activities. Handloom: The handloom sector is based on Indian traditional crafts. It employs nearly 7. million people and contributes 13 per cent to cloth production. ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE – THE THRUST AREAS Textile Industry is unique in a sense that despite it being mainly small-scale, it follows the principles of large scale industries. The major thrust areas are:? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Innovative marketing strategies Diversification of product Enhancement of textile oriented technology Quality awareness Intensifying raw materials Growth of productivity Increase in exports Financing arrangements Creating employment opportunities H uman Resource DevelopmentGROWTH AND OPPORTUNITIES The future outlook for the industry looks promising, rising income levels in both urban and rural markets will ensure a rising market for the cotton fabrics considered a basic need in the realm of new economic reforms (NER) proper attention has been given to the development of the textiles industry in the Tenth plan. Total outlay on the development of textile industry as envisaged in the tenth plan is fixed at Rs. 1980 crore. The production envisaged in the terminal year of the Tenth plan are 45,500 million sq metres of cloth 4,150 million kg of spun yarn and 1,450 million kg of man made filament yarn.The per capita availability of cloth was 28. 00 sq meters by 2006-2007 as compared to 23. 19 sq meters in 2000-01 showing a growth of 3. 19 percent. Some of the factors that led to growth of this sector are: The textile industry has been doing extremely well during the last few years in terms of production & export and has been investin g heavily in expansion and modernization of capacity. India has been experiencing strong performance in the textile industry, across different segments of the value chain, from raw materials to garments. Domestic production has been growing, as well as exports. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? High operational efficiency in spinning and weaving Low-cost skilled labor Large and growing domestic market Easy availability of raw materials State-of-the-art design capabilities Well-established network of related and supporting industries Sophisticated machines of higher speed and production capability Lower raw material costs, wastage costs and labor costs when compared to other countries Fully developed textile value chain extending from fiber to fabric to garment exports Favorable demand conditions Managements with business background ? ? ?Presence of qualified technical personnel Large domestic market Availability of testing facilities JOBS AND SALARIES Small scale industries are labor intensive an d they provide a large number of jobs but the salaries are not so high. Small scale textile firms don’t produce sufficient profit so as to give high salaries to the laborers. But, most of the jobs have job security because of the perennial nature of the work. The workers are skilled and hence not easily replaceable. A very important point when it comes to small scale textile industries is the large involvement of women and hence a great women employability ratio.CHALLENGES FOR SMALL SCALE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES The small scale Indian textile industry is reeling under manifold problems. The major challenges that the industry faces:- ? Sickness Sickness is widespread in the Indian textile industry. After the engineering industry, the cotton textile industry has the highest incidence of sickness. As many as 125 sick units have been taken over by the Central Government. ? Obsolescence The plant and machinery and technology employed by a number of units are obsolete.The need today is to make the industry technologically up-to-date rather than expand capacity as such. This need was foreseen quite some time back and schemes for modernization of textile industry had been introduced. ? Government Regulations Government regulations like the obligation to produced controlled cloth are against the interest of the industry. During the last two decades the excessive regulations exercised by the government on the mill sector has promoted inefficiency in both production and management. This has also resulted in a colossal waste of raw materials and productive facilities.For example, the mills are not allowed to use filament yarn in warp in order to protect the interest of art silk and power loom sector which use this yarn to cater to the affluent section of society.? ? Competition from other Countries In the international market, India has been facing severe competition from other countries like Taiwan, South Korea, China and Japan. The high cost of production of the India n industry is a serious adverse factor. ? Labor Problems Small scale industries are labor intensive. The Indian Textile Industry is frequently plagued by labor problems.The very long strike of the textile workers of Bombay caused losses amounting to millions of rupees not only to the workers and industry but also to the nation in terms of excise and other taxes and exports. ? Accumulation of Stock At times the industry faces the problems of very low off –take of stocks resulting in accumulation of huge stocks. The situation leads to price cuts and the like leading to loss or low profits. CONCLUSION The Indian textile industry is currently one of the largest and most important sector in the economy in terms of output foreign exchange earnings and employment in India.The Textile industry has the potential to scale new height in the globalized economy. The textile industry in India has gone through significant charges in anticipation of increased international competition. The i ndustry is facing numerous problems and among them the most important once are those of liquidity for many organized sector units, demand recession and insufficient price realization. The long-range problems include the need for sufficient modernisation and restructuring of the entire industry to cater more effectively to the demands of the domestic and foreign markets for textiles as per the needs of today and tomorrow.REFERENCES 1. http://www. Indianbusiness. nic. in/India-profile/textile. htm 2. http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/textile-Industry. html 3. http://hotdocs. usitc. gov 4. http://www. texprocil. com/annreport/profile-texprocil. doc 5. http://www. aepcindia. com 6. http://www. in. kpmg. com 7. http://pd. cpim. org/2004/10312004-ganguly. html 8. http://www. pdexcil. org/export. htm 9. http://www. giftsnaccessories. com/magazine/Handicrafts/11. htm

Research Reading Newspaper Habits

I. Introduction B. Background of the Study Newspapers help to improve reading habits, knowledge and awareness. They can be part of good study habits for students in any area of specialization. Malaysia is a developing country with many ethnic communities who wish to live together. Efforts to solve cultural adaptation problems should be multi-dimensional and long term. Nowadays many students are not aware alert with the information surrounding and the current issue that happened in the world and Malaysia especially.Therefore, we are really believed that by reading the newspaper will help student especially to gain their knowledge. A newspaper is usually an everyday publication. It contains news, opinions, advertisements, notice and information of all kinds. It also publishes all matters of general interest. It is a very useful mass medium. It keeps people aware about the current events of the world. It publishes views about national and international issues and public opinion. Commodi ty prices, share market reports, race course events, sports news, news about films, fashions and entertainments are some of its regular features.Newspapers have also columns for children and women and even for the students' preparation for examination. In fact, a newspaper is an encyclopaedia, a store house of knowledge and information at the cheapest price. Thus a newspaper bears interest of every section of people and is an attraction for every kind of readers. C. Problem Statement By reading the newspaper we really ensure that there are important for college students, whose needs being up to date with the issue around them. Many of them are not taking serious with the knowledge that happened and the levels of their knowledge of the current issues are very low.That will give the negative effect of their knowledge of current issues and might be effect when they want to find the job in the future. D. Purpose The purpose of this report is to investigate the newspaper reading habits a mong part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. E. Objective The objectives of the report are to investigate the newspaper reading habits of Part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka and recommend the action that should be taken to enhance these habits among the students. F. Significant Report I. To the respondentsThis research is hoped to give hands to students in measuring their level of global and current issue knowledge by reading the newspaper. It also helps them to improve their languages and communication skill weakness by reading the newspapers. This research is a guide to helping college students take charge of their learning in their university environment, by capitalizing on their motivation arising from curiosity. It helps students gain independence from the lecture-study-exam system, with a resulting sense of thinking â€Å"I know my stuff†.The guide argues that many students who do not work to their potential have a low awareness of behaviours that c ontribute to academic success. II. To the researchers This research will give the researcher some knowledge about the factors that influence UiTM students of reading habits. The researcher will get experience due to exposure to the real situation as it require researcher to communicate directly to the respondents. The environmental situation can be useful in the future for the researcher in dealing with the real environment. III. To the facultyWith this study, the researchers expect that faculty will develop strategic solutions regarding newspaper reading habits if we found out that most of the students have newspaper reading habits are very low. Furthermore, this study also can assist other students to gather information and make reference to findings from past research. G. Limitations This study has several limitations which are: I. The sample of the study The sample of the study was too small since only taken at UiTM KBM, only involve business faculty. It is also limited within p art 4 students.The information and feedback were obtained only from small group of population caused in narrow result. II. Data collection method The result of this research is limited due to only one of data collection method applied. The research only use questionnaire to collect data from respondent. It also may raise the possibility of dishonesty in answering the questionnaire. III. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency and percentage as method of measurement of findings. It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. I. Procedural Methods A.Primary sources data 1. Questionnaires This questionnaire is about newspaper reading habits. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the newspaper reading habits among part 4 students in UiTM KBM. The information of this report was obtained through a survey in which 50 questionnaire were distributed to part 4 students at UiTM in this campus. There are 50 questions in this survey that can help the respondents to know about ho w well they gain their knowledge and also can discover their areas that will make them attract to read the newspapers.The scale of measurement of this survey is liked and multiple choices scale. B. Secondary data We also used secondary sources of data to get more information in order to complete this research. The sources of data that we have used are journal and article that we had obtain from the internet. These articles and journal has helped lots in finding good references and information that can be used in this research. II. Data Analysis The analysis only uses frequency, number and percentage as method of measurement of findings.It may be resulting in less accurate in findings. III. Main Findings It was found that: The finding report such as follows: QUESTION 1 Figure 4. 1 The figure 4. 1 shows that 12 of students are strongly agree that they love to read newspaper but only 16 of students agree. On the other hand, 12 of students indicate neutral and only 10 students who are d isagree about this statement. But there is null number of student who strongly disagree that they love to read newspaper. According to the graph, mostly UiTM KBM students agree that they love to read newspaper.The students will read newspaper at least once a month rather than not read it at all. This finding shows that the newspaper reading habit among Uitm KBM students is good. QUESTION 2 Figure 4. 2 The figure 4. 2 shows that 3 of students are strongly agree that they read newspaper every morning and only 11 students who are agree. However, 23 students are neutral and 12 students disagree that they read newspaper every morning. But only 1 student who is strongly disagreeing read newspaper every morning. The graph shows that the number of neutral students is higher han others. So this means that, there are many students still read newspaper every morning even though the students who disagree read newspaper every morning increase. This indicates that, many students still read newspa per even though there are many things that most interesting for teenagers. QUESTION 3 Figure 4. 3 The figure 4. 3 shows that 10 students who are strongly agree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase and the number increase to the 18 student who are agree with the price of newspaper.On the other hand, 12 students are neutral, 7 students are disagreeing and the rest is only 3 students who strongly disagree that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Mostly, students are agreeing that the price of newspaper is affordable to purchase. Even they still studying and not have higher income; they still can affordable to purchase newspaper. Usually the price of newspaper is around RM1. 50. So, there is no reason why students or any people are not affording to buy newspaper. QUESTION 4 Figure 4. 4 The figure 4. shows that 3 students are strongly agreed that they have allocated some of their money to buy newspaper monthly. However, there are 15 students who are agreed and 17 students who are neutrally spend some money to buy newspaper every month. But 10 students are disagreeing about this statement and the rest is 5 students who strongly disagree that they are not allocate some of their money to buy any newspaper monthly. Mostly, students react neutrally to spend some of their money to buy newspaper every month. This is because, as a student, they have no enough money to spend some of their money to buy newspaper monthly.They will buy it if there is enough money for them to spend for their foods, assignments and others. QUESTION 5 Figure 4. 5 The figure 4. 5 shows those 4 students who strongly agree and 16 students who are agree to spend their time at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. But it is increase one number in neutral which is 17 students who are neutral to spend at least 30 minutes daily to read newspaper. There are 12 students who are disagree about to spent their time to read newspaper. But only one person who is strongly disag rees about this statement.Mostly, students sometime spending their time to read newspaper in the library, buy it themselves or online the news. According to survey, many students love to spend their idle time to read newspaper. Usually, UiTM KBM students refer to read newspaper in the library when they have no class at that time. QUESTION 6 Figure 4. 6 The figure 4. 6 shows the selection of headline among respondent of UiTM KBM students when buy the newspaper. 27% of the respondent choose neutral and disagree for the selection of headline when buy the newspaper which is they would buy the newspaper when the headline is sensationalized.Then, followed by 18% of respondent chose to agree and strongly agree buy the newspaper because of the sensationalized headline and other 10% strongly disagree about the choosing of sensationalized headline when buying the newspaper. From this question, we can see that the bigger amounts of respondent are disagree with the question which is choosing th e sensational headline when buying the newspaper and also many of them do not feel like the sensational headline is the issue to buy the newspaper. Other than that, the other respondent shows the attraction of the sensational headline is the factor that they choose to buy the newspaper.QUESTION 7 Figure 4. 7 The figure 4. 7 shows the news in the newspaper that the respondent rate based on the informative news in the newspaper. The higher percentage shows 37% of the respondent agree the news is informative to them and followed by 24% of the respondent strongly agree that the news in the newspaper is informative. About 18% of the respondent feel there are few news in the newspaper is informative and 12% of the respondent disagree the news in the newspaper is informative. The least respondent which is only 10% of them strongly disagree that the news is informative.We can see from this that, the respondent will read the newspaper because they want to information and it show that they re alize the newspaper can provide them more information. The least respondent that strongly disagree with the statement that they can get the information from the newspaper because they feel like they would prefer to get the information from other sources like internet, library and etc. QUESTION 8 Figure 4. 8 The figure 4. 8 show the respondent would choose to use both sources to know about the news that represent about 26% of them.Followed by 24 % disagree, 19 % strongly disagree, 17% agree and only 10 % strongly agree. We can see that the respondent prefer to use both source to get what information that they want because they can get the information in newspaper if the information that they want are not shown in the television. The other side, the respondent was strongly disagree with the statement is the second highest because they think that the news also provided in the television and it is for them to understand the information that they want. QUESTION 9Figure 4. 9 The figure 4. 9 shows the statement that the respondent can get the information from newspaper and 36 percent of them answer they can gain knowledge not only from the newspaper; they also can gain the knowledge from the media Massa. Followed by 32% of respondent agree with the statement, 18% strongly agree, 12% disagree, and only 4% strongly disagree. We can see that they feel easy to gain knowledge from the newspaper because most of the respondents give a positive answer to the question. QUESTION 10 Figure 4. 10The figure 4. 10 shows the respondent whether they practice or not reading newspaper as a part of the life. Many of them feel like they want to practice it as a part of their life and also try other method to be a habit on gaining the knowledge. We can see that the highest respondent chooses to practice reading newspapers as a part of their life which is 36%. Followed by 22% of respondent agree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life because they can gain more knowled ge and also improve their reading skill. 8 percent of the respondent strongly disagree with the practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life, followed by 14% disagree and only 12% strongly disagree to practice newspaper reading habit as a part of their life. QUESTION 11 Figure 4. 11 From the figure 4. 11 it was found that out of 50 respondents, they have chosen parents that influenced them to read the newspaper which contributed 62%. The 12 respondents agree that their peers were influenced them to read the newspaper. Next 8% of the respondents are believe that the lecturer in the university have been influences them to read the newspapers.However, 3 of the respondent said that they self and seeking of the information needed are the factors that influenced them to read newspapers. QUESTION 12 Figure 4. 12 From the figure 4. 12, it was found that the majority of the respondents are read newspaper for 2-3 times in a week. The14 respondents are been chosen that they only re ad newspaper for 1 time in a week. Then the10 respondents are read the newspaper for 4-5 times in a week. However, there are 8 respondents only read the newspaper for everyday (6-7 times). QUESTION 13 Figure 4. 13 From the figure 4. 3, it was found that the majority of the respondents have been chosen that they are more prefer to the newspaper. The 15 of the respondents are more prefer to the news online. The next 14 of our respondents are preferred on the both types of the newspaper to getting the information and knowledge. QUESTION 14 Figure 4. 14 From the figure 4. 14, it was found that the most of the respondents are choosing Harian Metro as their favourite newspaper. The 22% of our respondents are choosing News Strait Times. The next 18% of our respondents are choosing The Star.The rest of the respondents are stated other newspaper as their favourite newspaper such as Berita Harian, Utusan, Kosmo and Sinar Harian as the choice. QUESTION 15 Figure 4. 15 From the figure 4. 15, it was found that the majority of the respondents are loved to read News section when they are reading the newspaper. The 32% of the respondents are chosen the Sport section. Then the 28% of the respondents are chosen the Entertainment section every time they read newspaper. The respondent number 17 are choosing Others (he or she are not specify their answer) as their favourite section in the newspaper.QUESTION 16 Figure 4. 16 From the figure 4. 16 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the famous method that newspaper use to attract readers. 50% which is 25 out of 50 respondents choose sensational headline as a newspaper famous method. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose being more creative in packaging the information as a newspaper famous method. Only 9 respondents which is 18% choose do survey of people readership habits method as a newspaper famous method and none of them choose others. QUESTION 17 Figure 4. 17 From the figure 4. 7 shows the percenta ge of UiTM KBM students in choosing the best benefits that they can get from reading newspaper. 56% which is 28 out of 50 respondents choose new information benefit that they can get from reading newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 choose increase confident level as benefit. Only 5 respondents which are 10% choose improve language and verbal ability as benefit that they can get from reading newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 18 Figure 4. 18 From the figure 4. 18 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students in choosing the barrier that may hinder them from reading newspaper. 2% which is 21 out of 50 respondents choose lack of awareness as barrier to them from reading newspaper. Next, 32% which is 16 respondents out of 50 choose limited time as barrier to them due to a lot of assignment and pack schedule. Only 13 respondents which are 26% choose information obtained from other sources as barrier for them to read newspaper and none of them choose others. QUESTION 19 Figure 4. 19 From the figure 4. 19 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM students frequently in visiting the UiTM KBM library for the purpose of reading newspaper. 42% hich is 21 out of 50 respondents will go to the library only at their free periods to read newspaper. Next, 30% which is 15 respondents out of 50 said none of them visited the library for the purpose of reading newspaper. Only 14 out of 50 respondents which are 28% said they had visited the library once only and none of them choose others. QUESTION 20 Figure 4. 20 From the figure 4. 20 shows the percentage of UiTM KBM student’s impression towards newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM. 38% which is 19 out of 50 respondents had rate good and poor impression equally.Next, 22% which is 11 respondents out of 50 had rate excellent on newspaper services rendered by the UiTM KBM and only 1 respondent which is 2% had choose others as his or her impression. . IV. Main Conclusion This research investigated t he newspaper reading habits among the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka. The primary data were collected by the randomly distributing questionnaires to 50 students. As a mention earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to investigate the newspaper reading habits among student to gain their knowledge.The following conclusions can be draw from the study. To begin with, this study can be that the part 4 students in UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka are still not make reading newspapers to be their habits. In addition, we are believed that the students are not really using the facilities given by the university. They still give some reasons on the refusing reading the newspaper. Therefore parents, lecturer, peers and communities surrounding have to take action to open their eyes that to prove by reading the newspaper they will gain their knowledge that can be use for their future.Otherwise, the student will be lack of the knowledge of current issue around them . However, these findings are only true for the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka students and cannot be generalized to other university students. The same study need to be conducted with students from other universities to see if there are any similarities with the factors that will influence of newspaper reading habits and the effect of that to the student itself for he or she in the future. V. Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the following are the several recommendations to increase the newspaper reading habits.Library users read newspaper to get the latest information about what is happening around. Newspaper is essential for university students but due to the enormous explosion of information published in the form of newspapers in different languages in particular, it is impossible for libraries to subscribe all that is published at the national and international levels. Under these circumstances the best way of serving the users is by proper displa y of newspaper and notifying users about new information related to education.In library there should be adequate newspaper to accelerate reading habits. This study help librarians understand the importance of newspapers and improve the services related to the newspapers. In order to maintain and raise the newspaper reading habit among the UiTM Kampus Bandaraya Melaka, the other suggestions and recommendation is to promote newspaper reading habit among other students in this campus. Besides that, electronic newspapers are more help to read all information in a very short period. So, students can read newspaper every time and everywhere.Online newspapers also may help to find out latest development in various fields, employment news and other important news to improve their knowledge skills. On the other hand, the educational institutions should motivate and give opportunity to the students for read online newspapers and improve their knowledge skills. Besides that, as a student, the y have to find and make more time for reading, always have a book or newspaper around, set a reading goal, keep a log, keep a list and build your own strategy and drop everything read.VI. References Norazman Abdul Majid, M. A. (2012). Academic Report Writing From Research to Presentation (Updated Second Edition). Kuala Lumpur: Prentice Hall. Kumar, D. (2011). Retrieved from Digital Common University India: http://digitalcommons. unl. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1488;context=libphilprac;sei-redir=1;referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. google. com. my%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dnewspaper%2520reading%2520habits%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D3%26ved%3D0CGEQFjAC%26url%3Dhttp%25

History of Fashion Merchandising

History of Fashion Merchandising Introduction An apparent gap exists between skills and job demands in the United States. Community colleges that offer Career and Technical Education (CTE) have emerged as important institutions that attempt to bridge the gap owing to their positioning in the society. This is in lieu of the fact that the demand for technical skills will continue to grow in future and in an unprecedented way.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on History of Fashion Merchandising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the United States, the number of employment opportunities that require specific technical skills will surpass 51 million by 2018 (Carnevale et al. 2010). This is notwithstanding current deficiency in skilled laborers within the country. Among career clusters that are intrinsic to CTE are fashion and artistry (Ruffing, 2009). To that end, it is important to highlight the career pathways that fashion industry provide to post se condary education graduates. Fashion merchandising is a career pathway that connects students to careers related to fashion. It also resonates with home economics. This paper seeks to explore the history of fashion merchandising within the larger picture of CTE. History of Fashion Merchandising Fashion merchandising is a sub discipline of marketing that involves selling and promoting fashion designs, clothes and other elements of fashion (Conley, 2007). The sub discipline has grown tremendously over the last century owing to the apparent growth in fashion industry (Breward, 2003). In fact, fashion industry has grown in popularity all over the world. It is important to mention that fashion merchandisers are at sometimes fashion designers who have attained technical skills from different institutions. As such, the growth of technical education particularly in the field of fashion has created a career pathway where skilled post secondary school students can enter the job market. Fashio n merchandising requires impeccable skills in marketing fashion products as well as promoting them (Breward, 2003). Further, it is essential to highlight that fashion merchandising has grown exponentially partially because of vibrant media. In fact, many students who have skills in fashion design have encountered momentous challenges relating to marketing strategies and increasing their sales revenues. As such, fashion merchandising has increased the need for knowledge in home economics as well as marketing. According to numerous educationists, fashion merchandising has opened many career pathways for post secondary school students who have the basics of home economics (Breward, 2003). By the middle of 20th century, the field of fashion merchandising was not popular as it is in the modern world (Perrot, 1994). The rationale is that there has existed a historical gap between technical and theoretical education in education institutions.Advertising Looking for coursework on ed ucation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, many postsecondary graduates proceeded to join universities and continued with academic inquiry (theory) at the expense of CTE. Nonetheless, the need for CTE increased at the onset of 21st century (Perrot, 1994). According to Swanson Holton (2009), the profit making objectives of corporate organizations across the world have led to minimization of labor costs. This implies that organizations and companies do not only seek to employ highly educated laborers only but also seek to reduce the number of employees as a way of remaining competitive and profitable (Swanson Holton, 2009). Hence, there has been a shift in the labor market from highly educated individuals to highly valued technical skills. Fashion merchandising has a history that is intertwined with fashion industry (Breward, 2003). The rationale is that the rise of fashion industry came along with the concept of merc handising. Fashion industry traces its roots in Paris, France. In the 20th century, specific mediums of communication such as magazines had begun to publish fashion photographs leading to an increase in avenues of merchandising. It is important to underscore that fashion industry had taken route in Western Europe. This in turn led to increase of fashion merchandises (Perrot, 1994). In the early 21st century, fashion industry had expanded as people begun to adopt independent lifestyles. According to Perrot (1994), many people had begun to spend conspicuously on fashion and other outfits by the end of First World War. Due to the rise in demand of lavish and expensive fashion outfits, many individuals ventured in the lucrative fashion industry. Such fashion designers as Jacques Doucet emerged to fill gaps that existed in the market (Swanson Holton, 2009). It became apparent that fashion outfits and design required specialized skills and training. During the Great Depression of 1930s, the fashion industry was affected like all other industries but it created an avenue for self-employment and jobs. Many unemployed people showed unprecedented interest in fashion. According to Ruffing (2009), prominent designers such as Elsa Schiaparelli remained resilient amidst the harsh economic and social challenges facing the country. In 1950s, fashion industry had attracted many individuals, companies and other stakeholders. This implied that many people were required to meet the growing demand of fashion products. According to various educationists, education curriculum was rigid in the sense that technical education was not popular (Swanson Holton, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on History of Fashion Merchandising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the increase in the demand for technical skills, public education institutions continued to offer conventional education to post secondary school education. However, many people continued to adore lifestyle and fashion in 1970s. This precipitated the emergence of many fashion destinations like Hollywood. Notwithstanding the popularity and growing incentives in the field of fashion, the gap in skilled and trained designers continued to typify the industry (Swanson Holton, 2009). It is important to highlight that many technical institutions had began to emerge in many parts of the world by 1980. To address the gaps that existed, many institutions started offering curriculums that encompassed fashion merchandising. This is in lieu of the fact that many students who acquired skills in fashion and design did not have equivalent skills of marketing and selling their outfits (Conley, 2007). Although the concept of fashion merchandising was not popular by the end of 20th century, it became clear that fashion industry would provide a platform for jobs and employment (Ruffing, 2009). Besides, trained fashion designers would benefit c onsiderably if the acquired skills of marketing and selling their designs. According to Ruffing (2009), fashion merchandising is typical of marketing and selling of fashion outfit and designs. The concept has expanded in the modern world to the advantage of unemployed and skilled secondary graduates. Post secondary students should use their skills in such field as home economics in fashion merchandising. The reason is that they require business skills to sell their outfits and nurture their careers. For instance, a post secondary student who has acquired skills in fashion merchandising will be in a position to develop a clear marketing strategy that will allow him or her to sell his products in an efficient and profitable way. According to Carnevale et al. (2010), a post secondary credential is important and necessary in order to obtain a well paying job and a career. The rationale is that it is increasingly difficult for high school and college graduates to enter job market without the necessary skills. While it is important to acquire skills through technical education, it is essential to highlight the gaps that have existed within education curriculum. By early 19th century, there was an apparent divide in education especially between technical education and secondary education (Gonzalez, 2010). This was not only in the field of fashion but also in other technical fields. It implied therefore that many students who graduated from high schools and colleges lacked essential and technical knowhow to make an entry in many fields. The recent efforts have focused on aligning CTE with the conventional high school curriculums and degrees. In fact, Kawamura (2005) notes that development of CTE strategies is in accordance with the need to align secondary and postsecondary technical education.Advertising Looking for coursework on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, high school graduates did not receive the requisite skills about fashion merchandising during their secondary education. Therefore, they are not adequately prepared for employment in many sectors especially in the fashion industry. The continued need for CTE has also precipitated changes in school curriculums for many schools across the United States (Kawamura, 2005). Many states have recognized the importance of ensuring that technical education has been integrated into the mainstream education curriculums. By 2009, almost all local and state governments had initiated various strategies to ensure that the apparent gap in skills (Kawamura, 2005). Education institutions have also recognized the importance of fashion and have consequently integrated it in secondary education syllabuses (Gordon, 2008). This is in recognition of the fact that CTE’s main objective is to prepare the workforce (Soares, 2010). Undoubtedly, industries and private sector have raised conce rns on the gaps that exist in the labor market. Integration of CTE in the mainstream curriculum of secondary education will increase workers readiness for careers and other avenues of postsecondary education. To enhance effectiveness in this sector, governments have collaborated with the private sector and corporate organizations to improve preparedness of students and increase relevancy of acquired education (Gordon, 2008). In fact, there has been an increase in support for vocational and community training institutions especially from the private sector. The reason is that the private sector has comprehended the importance of equipping students with technical skills and preparing them for postsecondary entry (Gordon, 2008). As companies aim to reduce their operation costs, it has become imperative to hire employees who have requisite skills and knowledge in order to reduce expenses associated with recruitment of employees (Soares, 2010). This is because many companies incur costs when they train new employees who lack technical skills. As such, it has become important to create synergy with stakeholders to address the apparent gap in the field of education. As elucidated by Soares (2010), community colleges have the ability and diversity in pedagogy required to improve CTE for numerous members of the society. As such, it is important for community colleges to create collaborations with private sector in order to improve educational attainment (Gonzalez, 2010). This is in terms of high quality skills and diploma attainment. Undoubtedly, fashion merchandising has opened an avenue through which private sector, educationists and community colleges can collaborate to increase quality of training among students (Ruffing, 2009). Many fashion outlets and companies ought to increase their responsiveness to the gaps that exist in CTE and secondary education. The rationale is that fashion merchandising is an excellent model and a platform where the private sector and c ommunity colleges can work together to complement skills that students acquire in secondary education (Kawamura, 2005). Most fashion schools offer postsecondary education that complement the skills and knowledge that students acquire during their secondary education (Conley, 2007). It complements theoretical education with practical skills by providing relevant experiences to the students (Carnevale, 2010). This is in the form of cooperative environment and employment in the field of fashion and design. Secondary education, fashion schools and occupational areas work together to develop a student and benefit all stakeholders involved (Carnevale, 2010). Although many students are drawn into emerging technical careers within fashion industry, there is a whole range of other technical areas that have become popular in the contemporary world (Soares, 2010). In particular, information technology (IT), tourism and hospitality industries have continued to provide numerous opportunities for students with high school certificates and diplomas (Kawamura, 2005). Fashion merchandising provides students and trainees with employment while at the same time improving their skills owing specialized training (Soares, 2010). In many instances, fashion merchandisers begin their occupations and careers with their chosen employer. This implies that the employer pays for their training, which allows the student to understand dynamics of the organization. Although acquisition of skills in fashion merchandising may take long since it requires continuous upgrade of priory acquired skills, the trainees gain necessary knowledge that will allow them to succeed as employers and job creators in future (Gonzalez, 2010). Currently, trainees and mentors who have graduated require guidance and mentorship in a huge way. The rationale is that making a transition from a trainee into an employee is a challenging process that should involve guidance. This is at a time where a trainee begins his or h er career and any important decision may have long lasting effects and impacts. As such, fashion schools and community college should ensure that the trainees understand the main aspects of training and occupation entry. According to Soares (2010), it is not enough for trainees to learn skills in community colleges without making an occupation from the training. All stakeholders should work in line with the standards of the labor market to ensure that graduates from technical schools achieve their objectives (Carnevale, 2010). While fashion merchandising is an important technical career, other areas and sectors have dominated the modern world. As such, it is upon the trainees to choose the right technical career that is marketable and relevant to business needs. Conclusion In essence, an apparent gap exists between secondary and postsecondary education. CTE has emerged as a strategy to align secondary education with relevant skills in business environment. This follows concerns rais ed by various industries about lack of requisite skills in US labor market. While high school diplomas and certificates were essential in providing students with employment, companies look for individuals with specialized skills to perform specific jobs. Fashion merchandising skills are important for success in fashion industry. This is in recognition of the rich history that fashion merchandising has especially regarding career and employment. As such, all stakeholders should work together to improve the alignment of conventional education with CTE. References Breward, C. (2003).The Culture of Fashion: A New History of Fashionable Dress. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Carnevale, P., Nicole, S. Strohl, J. (2010). Help Wanted: Projections of Jobs and Education Requirements Through 2018. Washington, DC: Georgetown Center. Conley, T. (2007). Redefining College Readiness. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Gonzalez, J. (2010). Apprenticeship programs expand with help of community col leges. The chronicle of higher education, 57(4), 4-8. Gordon, H. (2008). The History and Growth of Career and Technical Education in America. New Jersey: Pearson Books. Kawamura, Y. (2005). Fashion-ology: an introduction to Fashion Studies. New York: Berg Publishers. Perrot, P. (1994). Fashioning the bourgeoisie: a history of clothing in the nineteenth century. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ruffing, K. (2009). The History of Career Clusters. New York: McGraw Hill Publishers Soares, L. (2010). The power of the education-industry partnership: Fostering innovation in collaboration between community colleges and businesses. Center for American Progress, 67(3), 34-67. Swanson, R. Holton, F. (2009). Foundations of Human Resource Development. Irwin: Sage Publishers.

4 Ways to Increase Your Chances of Getting a Job

4 Ways to Increase Your Chances of Getting a Job You know you’re the best person for the job. So what is the most efficient and effective way to let hiring managers know you’d be an asset to their team? Before you apply for a job, take a good hard look at how you’re presenting yourself. Keep these 4 tips in mind when preparing your professional documents and yourself for the job application process. 1. Tailor Your Resume  for the Specific Job PostingIn the old days, people kept a master  resume with a job history and then dusted it off to update it when it was time to apply for jobs. With so much competition in the workplace, it’s now expected that you will  tailor your resume so that the hiring manager can see right away how  your qualifications match the job description.Use specific language in your resume and put your job history in an order that gears your qualifications toward a specific job. For example, if you’re applying for  an office manager job, purposefully highlight times in the past where you utilized your organization and people management skills.2. Edit your Resume and Cover Letter  Tired Old ClichesAfter a potential employer sees the terms â€Å"team player,† â€Å"transformational leader† and â€Å"responsible for† countless times, it becomes stale and really doesn’t say much about your previous job history.Instead of saying â€Å"responsible for,† use your resume to say what you actually accomplished, in specific numbers, which  benefited the company in your previous job. Don’t call yourself an â€Å"expert.† Let your resume show precisely what your strong points are, and stay away from cliches.3. Skip the ReferencesHere’s another way you can streamline your resume. Years ago, it was expected that your resume would include several references at the bottom  that a hiring manager could call for more information about you as an employee. Now, it’s assumed that  any  potential e mployee can supply references if asked.Some hiring managers even find a resume containing the words, â€Å"references supplied upon request† an annoyance- it’s a given that doesn’t have to be stated.4. Practice Before Your Live InterviewEven though you know you’re a perfect fit for the job, your nerves can betray you in interview day. Getting in some practice of your â€Å"self pitch† in front of a mirror might be a good idea.Your potential employer will surely want to know what assets you can bring to the company, so think about your answer to that question beforehand. Go over your pitch until you feel comfortable so  you will not go suddenly blank when the interview starts. Believe it or not, a statement that has been repeated often enough can appear practiced.

Composer report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Composer report - Essay Example though he was excused to hold mass due to his various illness ranging from angina pectoris, asthmatic bronchitis and nervous disorder claiming that his â€Å"chest was too tight† to administer a mass (www.baroquemusic.org , nd). There are few records about Vivaldi’s personality but his contemporaries describe him as boastful. In modern language, Antonio Vivaldi’s personality can be described as cocky because he of his ability to compose music swiftly (musicandbiology.blogspot.com, nd). Vivaldi knew that he was gifted in music. He could compose music faster than anyone could copy it and this lead to become proud, boastful and vain. Due to his vanity, he was also sensitive to criticism and is engrossed with money. He was also volatile who whose personality could be compared to modern day manic depressive person. He was however admired by people around for his talent, zest and enthusiasm for music (Orlando, 2008). Vivaldi was also a religious man being ordained as a priest. This was attested by Venetian playwright Carlo Goldoni who vividly described his first meeting with Antonio Vivaldi in 1735. When he arrived to meet Vivaldi, he found him in a meditational reading and was clutching his missal during his interview. In addition, many of his composition were dedicated to the Virgin Mary attesting his

Global Awareness and Modern Business Survival Term Paper

Global Awareness and Modern Business Survival - Term Paper Example Basically, in order for an organization to remain relevant in the market for long-term basis, it is critical for the organization to find ways of developing and maintaining competitive advantage. This can only be learned from contemplation of how different markets around the world behaves and what is required to create a strategy that would keep the organization relevant even in the long run. Although the primary goal of every organization is to make profits, it is essential to study other areas relevant to keep the organization relevant in the market. The global business operation requires organizations to consider strategic areas that the customer and community are equally focusing on and define as practices of a successful organization. For instance, although definition of organizations focusing on long-term goals tends to or revolves around sustainability, other areas are critical focusing on or that foster the sustainability. Notably, issues of corporate social responsibility ha ve been highly prioritized globally as to having played a key role in strategically placing organizations in a position to thrive in a highly competitive market. Specifically, customers and the community through which businesses operates are looking beyond what the business offers. This is critical because issues such as environmental and social are considered ideal in any business operations. In addition, governance issues have also been prioritized globally. Studies have documented that organizations that have good practices of governance tends to win the favor of investors and employees. This means that such organizations recognize employees as part of the primary assets of the organization thus according them the treatment they deserve. In this regard, global awareness means that the organization learns different ways through which such matters other than profit gaining can positively contribute to the organization. Incentives such as different and new ways of attracting and ret aining competent workforce are contemplated upon. In another dimension, due to globalization, different ideas, innovations, and new ways of conducting business are learned. In fact, these issues can easily be learned by subjecting not only the organization leaders, but also the workforce in training and development programs. The idea behind such a move is to produce or develop people who can formulate and integrate multinational strategies in the organization. Globalization has effects both for local businesses as well as well as the international businesses. In a global business environment, every business in the world is competing with another business in the world, as long as they are in the same sector. For instance, a dairy farmer in America is in competition with a dairy farmer in Africa. In this regard, if a dairy farmer does fails to gain the competition which makes a dairy farmer in the Africa has, the farmer will have issues. This phenomenon can be exemplified in the trade relations between the China and the United States (China Briefing Media, 2006). Because Chinese manufacturers can achieve the highest competencies as compared to US firms, Chinese producers have taken over the US economy. If a firm in one market in the world is unable to meet the competencies in the global economy, the firm will be pushed out of the market by a firm that is far away in the world. This has been seen in numerous situations. For instance, South African farmers have been able to find way to produce low price and high quality agricultural products. The cost of production and expert for these firms have been so low that they are able to produce and exported products around the work and sell the so cheaply in the export market at they are able to